Explain in detail the state of insurgency a North Eastern India

The most active groups in the state were the United Liberation Front of Assam-Independent (ULFA-I) and the National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB-S). ULFA-I accounted for twelve violent events, mostly remote violence, and NDFB-S for eleven violent events, all of which were battles. Ajaju Marak had told local media six months earlier that Chief Minister Sangma used his militant group to aid in his campaigns. The top leadership of his insurgent group strategically attacked and abducted opposition candidates to ensure the victory of the chief minister’s party in the 2013 election, he said. India National Congress Party Chief Sonia Gandhi with Mukul Sangma, chief minister of Meghalaya state.Officials also enlist militants to protect them from opposition political factions and rival terrorist groups.

The constitution provides for the social, economic, and political rights of disadvantaged groups of indigenous persons. The law provides special status for indigenous individuals, but authorities often denied them their rights. NGOs reported that Dalit students were sometimes denied admission to certain schools because of their caste or were required to present caste certification prior to admission.
Significant developmental deficits aggravate ethnic tensions and have long been a source of potential violence. In this light the remnants of insurgent formations, coupled with the possibility of civil unrest, continue to keep Meghalaya in a state of disquiet. Military operations in Mizoram, where the army reportedly launched air strikes to neutralize the M.N.F. cadres, resulted in several fatalities and displacement among the civilian population.

This network of  autonomous insurgencies has hindered collective solutions and has presented foreign instigators with an opportunity to selectively target ripe factions to make mischief for India. Both Assam and Meghalaya police were engaged in counter-insurgency operations against Karbi Peoples Liberation Tigers militants after local residents complained of being harassed and extorted by them in the past weeks. NCP candidate Jonathone N Sangma and three others were killed in an IED blast triggered by militants in the Samanda area of East Garo Hills district around 8 pm on February 18. It is a cause of worry for India that at least 1,500 Rohingya Muslims, escap­ing from the violence-prone Rakhine province, West Myanmar, are believed to have entered the country illegally.
Although national health officials noted the central government did not have the authority to regulate state decisions on population issues, the central government creates guidelines and funds state level reproductive health programs. A Supreme Court decision deemed the national government responsible for providing quality care for sterilization services at the state level. Almost all states also introduced “girl child promotion” schemes, intended to counter sex selection, some of which required a certificate of sterilization for the parents to collect benefits. Rajasthan, one of 11 states to adopt a two-child limit for elected officials at the local level, was the first to adopt the law in 1992. Despite efforts at the state level to reverse or amend the law, it remained unchanged during the year.

Mining, construction activity and business attracts a large number of immigrants, who stay there for long periods. A development strategy in which the locals lose out both in numbers and positions of economic power is clearly ruled out. Sadly, of the two foremost stalwarts of the HNLC – Cheristerfield Thangkhiew and Julius Dorphang, one died in an encounter last year and another is serving jail time for raping a minor girl. It would be a good learning curve for those in government to hear from the surrendered militants as to why they chose the path that is fraught with risks.
Equally troubling for India’s pacification efforts is the fact that the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party may be disaffecting the region’s minorities through religious discrimination—the Naga and Mizos are 90 percent Christian, and Tripura has a sizeable Muslim population. Critics claim the party has long relied on anti-Muslim rhetoric, but recent anti-Christian persecution has also increased. This follows the passage of an Indian citizenship law in 2019 that distinguishes Christians and Muslims from Indians who adhere to religions that originated in India. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government  has even blocked the charity founded by Mother Teresa from accepting foreign donations.
All agreed that more young people need to adopt the ideals of peace — including human rights, justice and environmental issues — whether it's in the rest of the world or their own communities. In order to developed trade with the people from the hill, a Hao Keithel was developed at Imphal. The most important bazaar in the valley was the Khwairamand Bazar or Sana Keithel at Imphal. The women's market of Manipur is the only market of women in the north-east region of India and probably could be the only in the world. Women played a very important role, with their participation going away beyond managing economics of the house. When the male head of a family is killed or imprisoned, the mother has to fill in the gap caused by the patriarch's absence.

With this background, the paper attempts to analyse the causes and consequences of autonomy demands  asserted by different communities/tribes within the state. Meghalaya, a State that remained relatively peaceful while insurgency was peaking across India's Northeast, has now emerged as the second most violent province in the region, after Assam. According to the South Asia Terrorism Portal data base, there have been a total of 69 insurgency-related fatalities in 2014 , including 20 civilians, four Security Force personnel, and 45 terrorists. These numbers acquire greater significance in view of the fact that Meghalaya has a population of just over 2.65 million .
Human rights advocates alleged the government’s operations sought not only to suppress the Maoists but also to force tribal populations from their land, allowing for purchase by the private sector. The use of force by all parties to the conflicts resulted in deaths and injuries to both conflict participants and civilians. There were reports government security forces committed extrajudicial killings, including staging encounter killings to conceal the deaths of captured militants. Human rights groups claimed police refused to release bodies in cases of alleged “encounters.” Authorities did not require the armed forces to report custodial deaths to the NHRC. Indian officials, meanwhile, accuse the UWSA—“the most effective illegal weapons trader” to Indian insurgent groups—and the Arakan Army of serving as Chinese proxies and providing weapons and shelter to northeastern rebels. The AA was founded in 2009, reportedly with the assistance of the Kachin Independence Army, the second most powerful ethnic armed group after the UWSA.

Meghalaya has faced insurgency since 1992 and has resulted in deaths of more than 700 people, of which about 245 people were killed between 2011–15 alone. All the insurgency problems that earlier prevailed in the entire northeast region were once originally the discontentment issues that brewed in the erstwhile Assam and carried and multiplied in all the numerous states created by dividing Assam. A close observation of the contemporary political situation in Tripura reveals the cobweb of insurgent activities and electoral politics. The relative backwardness of the tribals and the resultant tribal militancy in Tripura have been used profitably by the political forces for electoral gains.
It is widely acknowledged that the base of the HNLC, as well as other militant units, has been in Bangladesh since the 1990s, despite the avowed objective of these individuals to rid the state of outsiders . The HNLC continues to run some businesses in Bangladesh and have also created hideouts assisted by corrupt border security officials in the Bangladesh army. According to Meghalaya police officers, these business activities are being carried out despite Bangladesh’s denial of the same.

Explain in detail the state of insurgency a North Eastern India after independence. Ammunition for Manipur smuggled from Myanmar apprehended in Mizoram "Biren Singh has enemies among people who don't even know him" Nirendra Dev... Rajkhowa had narrowly escaped death during Shira’s encounter as he had gone to a stream for a bath, the ULFA militant told the Meghalaya Police on Wednesday evening, as per the source. While the Army was discreetly transporting Rajkhowa and his four other aides to Assam in civilian vehicles after their surrender, the Meghalaya Police stopped them in East Garo Hills district around 6 pm on Wednesday evening, he said. Chandranathan said the militant had earlier narrowly escaped twice this year in encounters with the state police.
In Shillong I usually ordered strong coffee, opened the day with a packaged chocolate bar, and waited until it was time for lunch. Meghalaya’s wild elephant herd, which the Ministry of Environment and Forests now numbers at over 1,800 animals, is growing so fast that splinter herds, made up of independent males and young adult females, regularly crash through villages and tear up fields. So elephants have taken charge of the forests and valleys, a trend celebrated by the state news media. At the end, the last half-kilometer, the driver turned left onto a choked boulevard and headed east against three lanes of oncoming traffic.